Invasive coral Oculina patagonica recorded in Greece's Pagasetic Gulf

A groundbreaking research paper by Merman Conservation Expeditions Ltd has revealed the first confirmed sighting of the invasive coral species Oculina patagonica in the Pagasetic Gulf near Volos, Greece. This discovery, published in the International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, underscores both the ecological significance of this semi-enclosed gulf and the potential threat posed by this resilient species.

Citation of the published article: Taklis Christos. First record of Oculina patagonica de Angelis D'Ossat, 1908 in the Pagasetic Gulf, Greece. Int J Fish Aquat Stud 2024;12(6):24-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i6a.2990

Pagasetic Gulf: A Jewel of Marine Biodiversity
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The Pagasetic Gulf is a marine treasure in the Thessaly region of Greece. This semi-enclosed body of water, connected to the Aegean Sea through a narrow strait, hosts a vibrant array of marine life, thanks to its mix of natural sandy, rocky, and muddy substrates. These varied habitats support everything from fish and crustaceans to delicate coral ecosystems, making it a critical hotspot for biodiversity in Greek waters.

However, this ecological haven is now facing a new challenge. The discovery of Oculina patagonica—a coral species known for its invasive tendencies—has raised concerns about its impact on the delicate balance of this thriving ecosystem.

A Significant Discovery by Merman Conservation Expeditions Ltd

This research, spearheaded by Christos Taklis, Director of Merman Conservation Expeditions Ltd, highlights how rising sea temperatures and human activities such as shipping and coastal development are facilitating the spread of invasive species. The study documented the coral at Faraggi Beach during a 2021 biodiversity survey, where three colonies were found thriving in shallow waters.

“This finding is not just about a new species record,” the study emphasizes. “It’s about understanding how non-native species can alter marine ecosystems in areas like the Pagasetic Gulf, which are already facing stress from climate change and human interference.”

CC-BY Taklis Christos - Oculina patagonica

​Why the Pagasetic Gulf is Vulnerable

The semi-closed nature of the Pagasetic Gulf makes it especially vulnerable to environmental changes and invasive species. With limited water exchange and close proximity to urban and industrial activities, this unique marine environment is both a sanctuary for wildlife and a potential hotspot for ecological disruptions.

Oculina patagonica’s ability to thrive in disturbed habitats like ports, marinas, and rocky substrates puts this delicate balance at risk. By outcompeting native species, the coral could lead to a cascade of ecological changes, threatening the biodiversity that makes the Pagasetic Gulf so important.

​The Role of Human Activity

The spread of Oculina patagonica across Greek waters is a stark reminder of humanity's role in shaping marine ecosystems. Ports, shipping routes, and recreational activities have accelerated its migration, with the Pagasetic Gulf now joining a growing list of locations colonized by this adaptable species.

What’s at Stake?

​The arrival of Oculina patagonica signals more than just an ecological shift—it’s a warning about the interconnectedness of climate change, invasive species, and human activities. If left unchecked, this coral’s expansion could reshape marine habitats across the Mediterranean, with the Pagasetic Gulf at the forefront of these changes.

​What’s Next for the Pagasetic Gulf?

​To safeguard this vital ecosystem, Merman Conservation Expeditions Ltd is advocating for:

• Enhanced Monitoring: Encouraging citizen scientists, divers, and boaters to report sightings and contribute to mapping the coral’s spread.
  
  
• Stronger Regulations: Tightening rules around ballast water and hull cleaning to minimize the unintentional transport of invasive species.
  
  
• Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating locals and tourists about the importance of protecting the Gulf’s unique marine life.

A Shared Responsibility

The Pagasetic Gulf is not just a local treasure; it’s a part of Greece’s rich natural heritage. Protecting it requires collective action from scientists, policymakers, and the public.

Merman Conservation Expeditions Ltd is leading the way with research like this, highlighting the challenges and opportunities in preserving marine biodiversity. The discovery of Oculina patagonica is a call to action—a reminder that the health of our seas is a shared responsibility we can no longer ignore.
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For those who cherish the Pagasetic Gulf, it’s time to dive in—literally and figuratively—and ensure that its waters remain a haven for marine wildlife, not a battleground for invasive species.